Intertextuality: the relationship between two texts, especially literary ones.
Using different texts within a text that sparks recognition in the audience, for example a television show or film in a music video.
Not all audiences will spot the reference. It is argued that those who spot the recognition are flattered by what they see.
Intertextuality appears in many music videos, from Madonna's 'Material Girl' drawing on 'Diamonds are a girl's best friend', Mary Lambert to 2Pac and Dr Dre's 'California Love, drawing on 'Mad Max', Hype Williams 1996. It is clear there are many examples of cinematic references which dominate music video.
Madonna - Material Girl - 1985 Gentlemen Prefer Blondes - 1953
Visual reference in music video comes form a range of sources, thought the most frequent are cinema, fashion and art photography. When looking at fashion, it can sometimes take the form of specific catwalk references or supermodels themselves. Eg: George Michael in 'Father Figure' and 'Freedom'.
Linda Evangelista
Another example......
Robert Palmer - Addicted to Love Shania Twain - Man I feel like a Woman 1999
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